Amazon Linux Commands

Linux, often associated with being a complex operating system primarily used by developers, may not necessarily fit that description entirely. While it can initially appear challenging for beginners, once you immerse yourself in the Linux world, you may find it difficult to return to your previous Windows systems. The power of Linux commands in controlling your PC, coupled with their clean user interface, can make it hard to switch back to older operating systems. If you’re a developer, you can likely relate to the advantages and appeal of Linux.

To support developers and beginners alike, we have created a comprehensive Linux/Unix command line cheat sheet. This cheat sheet covers all the basic and advanced commands, including file and directory commands, file permission commands, file compression and archiving, process management, system information, networking, and more with proper examples and descriptions. In addition to that we provide all the most used Linux Shortcut which includes Bash shortcuts, Nano shortcuts, VI & Vim Shortcuts Commands. It provides a solid foundation on Linux OS commands, as well as insights into practical applications.

By the end of this cheat sheet, you will have a basic understanding of Linux/Unix Commands and how it makes development easy for developers.

What is Linux?

Linux is an open-source UNIX-like operating system (OS). An operating system is a software that directly manages a system’s hardware and resources, like CPU, memory, and storage. OS acts as a GUI through which user can communicate with the computer. The OS sits between applications and hardware and makes the connections between all of your software and the physical resources that do the work.

Basic Linux Commands with Examples

In this Linux cheat sheet, we will cover all the most important Linux commands, from the basics to the advanced. We will also provide some tips on how to practice and learn Linux commands. This cheat sheet is useful for Beginners and Experience profes ssionals.

1. File and Directory OperationCommands

File and directory operations are fundamental in working with the Linux operating system. Here are some commonly used File and Directory Operations commands:

displays files and directories with detailed information.ls -a
shows all files and directories, includingls -lh
displays file sizes in a human-readable format. | | cd | Change directory. | | cd /path/to/directory
changes the current directory to the specified path. | | pwd | Print current working directory. | | pwd
displays the current working directory. | | mkdir | Create a new directory. | | mkdir my_directory
creates a new directory named “my_directory”. | | rm | Remove files and directories. | -r: Remove directories recursively.-f: Force removal without confirmation. | rm file.txt
deletes the file named “file.txt”.rm -r my_directory
deletes the directory “my_directory” and its contents.rm -f file.txt
forcefully deletes the file “file.txt” without confirmation. | | cp | Copy files and directories. | -r: Copy directories recursively. | cp -r directory destination
copies the directory “directory” and its contents to the specified destination.cp file.txt destination
copies the file “file.txt” to the specified destination. | | mv | Move/rename files and directories. | | mv file.txt new_name.txt
renames the file “file.txt” to “new_name.txt”.mv file.txt directory
moves the file “file.txt” to the specified directory. | | touch | Create an empty file or update file timestamps. | | touch file.txt
creates an empty file named “file.txt”. | | cat | View the contents of a file. | | cat file.txt
displays the contents of the file “file.txt”. | | head | Display the first few lines of a file. | -n: Specify the number of lines to display. | head file.txt
shows the first 10 lines of the file “file.txt”. head -n 5 file.txt
displays the first 5 lines of the file “file.txt”. | | tail | Display the last few lines of a file. | -n: Specify the number of lines to display. | tail file.txt
shows the last 10 lines of the file “file.txt”.tail -n 5 file.txt
displays the last 5 lines of the file “file.txt”. | | ln | Create links between files. | -s: Create symbolic (soft) links. | ln -s source_file link_name
creates a symbolic link named “link_name” pointing to “source_file”. | | find | Search for files and directories. | -name: Search by filename.-type: Search by file type. | find /path/to/search -name “*.txt”
searches for all files with the extension “.txt” in the specified directory. |

2. File Permission Commands

File permissions on Linux and Unix systems control access to files and directories. There are three basic permissions: read, write, and execute. Each permission can be granted or denied to three different categories of users: the owner of the file, the members of the file’s group, and everyone else.

Here are some file permission commands:

grants read, write, and execute permissions to the owner of the file. | | chown | Change file ownership. | | chown user file.txt
changes the owner of “file.txt” to the specified user. | | chgrp | Change group ownership. | | chgrp group file.txt
changes the group ownership of “file.txt” to the specified group. | | umask | Set default file permissions. | | umask 022
sets the default file permissions to read and write for the owner, and read-only for group and others. |

3. File Compression and Archiving Commands

Here are some file compression and archiving commands in Linux:

creates a compressed tar archive named “archive.tar.gz” containing the files in the “files/” directory. | | gzip | Compress files. | -d: Decompress files. | gzip file.txt
compresses the file “file.txt” and renames it as “file.txt.gz”. | | zip | Create compressed zip archives. | -r: Recursively include directories. | zip archive.zip file1.txt file2.txt
creates a zip archive named “archive.zip” containing “file1.txt” and “file2.txt”. |

4. Process Management Commands

In Linux, process management commands allow you to monitor and control running processes on the system. Here are some commonly used process management commands:

shows all running processes with detailed information. | | top | Monitor system processes in real-time. | | top
displays a dynamic view of system processes and their resource usage. | | kill | Terminate a process. | -9: Forcefully kill a process. | kill PID
terminates the process with the specified process ID. | | pkill | Terminate processes based on their name. | | pkill process_name
terminates all processes with the specified name. | | pgrep | List processes based on their name. | | pgrep process_name
lists all processes with the specified name. | | grep | used to search for specific patterns or regular expressions in text files or streams and display matching lines. | -i: Ignore case distinctions while searching.-v: Invert the match, displaying non-matching lines.-r or -R: Recursively search directories for matching patterns.-l: Print only the names of files containing matches.-n: Display line numbers alongside matching lines.-w: Match whole words only, rather than partial matches.-c: Count the number of matching lines instead of displaying them.-e: Specify multiple patterns to search for.-A: Display lines after the matching line.-B: Display lines before the matching line.-C: Display lines both before and after the matching line. | grep -i “hello” file.txtgrep -v “error” file.txtgrep -r “pattern” directory/grep -l “keyword” file.txtgrep -n “pattern” file.txt
In these examples we are extracting our desirec output from filename (file.txt) |

5. System Information Commands

In Linux, there are several commands available to gather system information. Here are some commonly used system information commands:

displays all system information. | | whoami | Display current username. | | whoami
shows the current username. | | df | Show disk space usage. | -h: Human-readable sizes. | df -h
displays disk space usage in a human-readable format. | | du | Estimate file and directory sizes. | -h: Human-readable sizes.-s: Display total size only. | du -sh directory/
provides the total size of the specified directory. | | free | Display memory usage information. | -h: Human-readable sizes. | free -h
displays memory usage in a human-readable format. | | uptime | Show system uptime. | | uptime
shows the current system uptime. | | lscpu | Display CPU information. | | lscpu
provides detailed CPU information. | | lspci | List PCI devices. | | lspci
List PCI devices. | | lsusb | List USB devices. | | lsusb
lists all connected USB devices. |

6. Networking Commands

In Linux, there are several networking commands available to manage and troubleshoot network connections. Here are some commonly used networking commands:

shows the details of all network interfaces. | | ping | Send ICMP echo requests to a host. | ping google.com
sends ICMP echo requests to “google.com” to check connectivity. | | netstat | Display network connections and statistics. | netstat -tuln
shows all listening TCP and UDP connections. | | ss | Display network socket information. | ss -tuln
shows all listening TCP and UDP connections. | | ssh | Securely connect to a remote server. | ssh user@hostname
initiates an SSH connection to the specified hostname. | | scp | Securely copy files between hosts. | scp file.txt user@hostname:/path/to/destination
securely copies “file.txt” to the specified remote host. | | wget | Download files from the web. | wget http://example.com/file.txt
downloads “file.txt” from the specified URL. | | curl | Transfer data to or from a server. | curl http://example.com
retrieves the content of a webpage from the specified URL. |

7. IO Redirection Commands

In Linux, IO (Input/Output) redirection commands are used to redirect the standard input, output, and error streams of commands and processes. Here are some commonly used IO redirection commands:

8. Environment Variable Commands

In Linux, environment variables are used to store configuration settings, system information, and other variables that can be accessed by processes and shell scripts. Here are some commonly used environment variable commands:

9. User Management Commands

In Linux, user management commands allow you to create, modify, and manage user accounts on the system. Here are some commonly used user management commands:

10. Shortcuts Commands

There are many shortcuts commands in Linux that can help you be more productive. Here are a few of the most common ones:

10.1: Bash Shortcuts Commands:

10.2: Nano Shortcuts Commands:

10.3: VI Shortcuts Commands:

10.4: Vim Shortcuts Commands: